[1] Much controversy arose on whether graffiti should be considered an actual form of art. Many graffiti vandals are self-organised into groups of ‘gangs’ and travel widely. Of the 992 individuals processed by Police for graffiti damage offences during 2009, 76% (758 individuals) were low level offenders having only come to police attention for one offence during the year. [1][9][10] By the 1980s, increased police surveillance and implementation of increased security measures (razor wire, guard dogs) combined with continuous efforts to clean it up led to the weakening of New York's graffiti subculture. $�'�10120��00ҕ�����[� V Many graffiti artists, however, chose to see the new problems as a challenge rather than a reason to quit. The largest percentage of offenders are from mid to high-level income families with a median age of 15. This guide addresses effective responses to the problem of graffiti—the wide range of markings, etchings and paintings that deface public or private property.† In recent decades, graffiti has become an extensive problem, spreading from the largest cities to other locales. ¶ The single-line writing of a name is usually known as a tag, while slightly more complex tags, including those with two colors or bubble letters, are known as throw-ups. The Clean Train Movement, wherein the rolling stock was either cleaned or outright replaced, started in 1985, with the last graffiti-covered train out of service by 1989. Ph� Ս�Y��|�S�����ǸGa�0!�p���S����U���(���C�D��H �� ���>&.�8�6b�� �$�*�k���+��+=i ADl��\I6DX�DXa,� �I��$�G�*��,���������Hy�1�2��1J�\�=����iR�+�"䌔4�dx7��AF4�\l��j�4ù� However, the Rome Metro's Line A does not have graffiti on its trains because they have newer, more graffiti-resistant rolling stock, which is also being phased in on Line B. Graffiti is not an isolated problem. 0000005798 00000 n All contents © Copyright Government of Western Australia. 0000024033 00000 n Because graffiti is not routinely reported to police or other agencies, its true scope is unknown. Graffiti then began appearing around New York City with the words "Bird Lives"[2] but it was not for about one and a half more decades that graffiti became noticeable in NYC.
Bubble lettering was popular among perpetrators from the Bronx, but was replaced with a new " wildstyle ", a term coined by Tracy 168 and a legendary original Graffiti crew with over 500 members including Blade, Cope 2, T Kid 170, Cap, Juice 177, and Dan Plasma.
Since the 1980s, museums and art galleries started treating graffiti seriously. Graffiti in New York City has had a substantial local, national, and international influence. 0000008763 00000 n 0000009974 00000 n 0000012645 00000 n [7] As a result of subways being harder to paint, more writers went into the streets, which is now, along with commuter trains and box cars, the most prevalent form of writing. Graffiti offenders often use spray paint, although they may also produce graffiti with large markers or by etching, the latter especially on glass surfaces.† Spray paint is widely available, easily concealed, easily and quickly used on a variety of surfaces, available in different colors with different nozzles to change line widths—these factors make spray paint suitable for a range of offenders.‡.
<]>> Graffiti is sometimes associated with truancy, and can involve drug and/or alcohol use. 0000004897 00000 n %PDF-1.4 %���� In 1984 New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) began a five-year program to eradicate graffiti. † Although graffiti is also found within public or private property (such as in schools), this guide primarily addresses graffiti in places open to public view. All rights reserved. Gang graffiti, often used by gangs to mark turf or convey threats of violence, and sometimes copycat graffiti, which mimics gang graffiti, Tagger graffiti, ranging from high-volume simple hits to complex street art, Conventional graffiti, often isolated or spontaneous acts of "youthful exuberance," but sometimes malicious or vindictive.
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